He argued that socio-economic change occurred through organized revolutionary action. He argued that capitalism will end through the organized actions of an international working class, led by a Communist Party.
Such a hopeful redial was Heinrich Marx known as Karl Marx, the son of Hirschel and Henrieta Marx, born in Trier, Germany, in 1818. Hirschel Marx was a lawyer and to escape anti-Semitism divided to abandon his Jewish faith when Karl was a child. Although the majority of people living in Trier were Catolics, Marx divided to become a Protestant. He also changed his name from Hirschel to Heinrich. After schooling in Trier, Marx entered Bonn University to study law. At university he spent much of his time socializing and running up large debts. His father was horrified when he discovered that Karl had been wounded in a duel. Heinrich Marx agreed to pay off his son's debts but insisted that he moved to the more sedate Berlin University.
The move to Berlin resulted in a change in Marx and for the next few years he worked hard at his studies. Marx came under the influence of one of his lecturers, bruno bauer, whose atheism and radical political opinions got him into trouble with the authorities. Bauer introduced Marx to the writings of G.W.F. Hegel, who had been the professor of philosophy at Berlin until his death in 1931. Marx was especially impressed by Hegel's theory that a thing or thought could not be separated from its opposite. For example, the slave could not exist without the master, and vice versa. regal argued that unity would eventually be achieved by the equalizing of all opposites, by means of the dialectic of thesis, antithesis and synthesis. This was Hegel's theory of the Evolving process of history.
After his father's death in 1838, he tried his best to be a journalist. But due to his extreme political views, most of the editors were unwilling to publish his articles. So, he moved to Cologne where the city's liberal opposition movement was fairly strong. There, he published an article where he defended the freedom of the press. As a result, in 1842, Marx was appointed as the editor of the newspaper The Rhenish Gazette. He made his alliance with the socialists and the Russian anarchist, Micheal Barunin and the radical son of a wealthy German industrialist, Friedrich engels while he was in Paris.
In Paris, Marx was shocked by their poverty but impressed by their sense of comradeship. So, he wrote an article for the Franco-German Annals applying Hegel's dialectic theory. Marx, who now described himself as a communist, argued that the working alass (the proletariat), would eventually be the emancipators of society. When published in 1844, the journal was immediately banned in Germany. While in Paris he became a close friend of Friedrich Engels who helped to financially support Marx and his family.
In January 1846 Marx set up a communist Correspondence Committee. The plan was to try and link together socialist leaders living in different parts of Europe. Influenced by Marx's ideas, socialists in England held a conference in London where they formed a new organization called the Communist League with the aims of "overthrow of the bourgeoisie, the domination of the proletariat, the abolition of the old bourgeois society based on class antagonisms, and the establishment of a new society without classes and without private property".
When Maarx published The Communist Manifesto in February, 1848, based on a draft produced by Friendrich Engels called the Principles of communism, it encouraged the revolutionary atmosphere throughout Europe. After that Marx remained under a great threat and suspect on European authority. Despite all his problems Marx continued to work and in 1867 the first volume of Das Kapital, a detailed analysis of capitalism was published. The book dealt with important concepts such as surplus value (the notion that a worker receives only the exchange-value, not the use-value, of his labor), division of labor (where workers become a "mere appendage of the machine") and the industrial reserve army (the theory that capitalism creates unemployment as a means of keeping the workers in check). In the final part of Das kapital Marx deals with the issue fo revolution. Marx argued that the laws of capitalism will bring about its destruction. That's why; he became a headache to capitalists.
Getting inspiration from him, the revolution began throughout the world. But when the Paris Commune was suppressed and about 30,000 Communal were slaughtered by government troops, Marx remained depressed and apter this date his energy began to diminish. He became unable to finish the full volume of Das Kapital. Being struck by his daughter's death, Marks was died on the 14th March, 1883.
Marx is taken as a great German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, communist and a revolutionary credited as the founder of communism. In China Mao Zedong also portrayed himself as an heir to Marx. He is taken as the patron of all working classes and the leader of labors; and his philosophy as their hymn.
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