On the very dawn of 29 April, he was hung upside down along with his lover. He was shot dead. Those who had gun or weapon, they stroked him by it. Other outraged public used rods, rolls and sticks. For a long time, he was hated by spiting, cursing, abusing. Even after the death, he did not get a glimpse of respect and love from the public.
That all-hated fellow was Mussolini, a despised dictator and the founder of fascism. He was born in Dovia di Predappio, a small town in the province of Forli, Italy, in 1883. Mussolini was born into a working class background. His father Alessandro Mussolini was a blacksmith and an Anarchist activist, while his mother Rosa Mussolini was a school teacher and a devout Catholic. Owing to his father's political learning, Mussolini was named Benito. Was the eldest of his parents' three children.
As a young boy, Mussolini would spend time helping his father in his blacksmiths. It was likely here that he was exposed to his father's significant political beliefs. Mussolini was not baptized at birth and would not be until much later in life. However, as a compromise with his mother, Mussolini was sent to a boarding school run by Salesman monks. Mussolini was rebellious and was expelled after a series of behavior related incidents, including throwing stones at the congregation after Mass, stabbing a fellow student in the hand and throwing an ink pot at a teacher.
In 1902, Mussolini immigrated to Switzerland partly to avoid military service. He worked as a stone mason and during this time studied the ideas of Nietzche, the sociologist Pareto and the syndicalist Sorel. Sorel's emphasis on the need for overthrowing decadent liberal Democracy and Capitalism by the use of violence, direct action, the general strike, and the use of Neo-Machiavellian appeals to emotion, impressed him deeply.
Soon Mussolini joined the Marxian Socialist movement. By 1910 Mussolini returned to Forli where he edited the weekly Lotta di classes. He was now one of Italy's most prominent Socialists. In 1911 (September), there was a riot by Socialists, and Mussolini with them, in Forli, against the Italian war in Libya. He bitterly denounced the "imperialist war" to gain Tripoli, an action which earned him a five month jail term. After his release he helped expel from the ranks of the Socialist party two 'revisionists' who had supported the war. For that he was rewarded with the editorship of the Socialist party newspaper Avanti!
During the First World War, Mussolini became an ally with the dentistry politician and journalist Cesare Battisti, and like him he entered the Army and served in the war. He was sent to the zone of operations where he was serious injured by the explosion fo a grenade. After that, he was promoted to the rank of corporal "for merit in war." The promotion was recommended because of his exemplary conduct and fighting quality, his mental calmness and lack of concern for discomfort, his zeal and regularity in carrying out his assignments.
By the time Mussolini returned from Allied service in World War I, he had decided that socialism as a doctrine had largely been a failure. He said, "Socialism as a doctrine was already dead; it continued to exist only as a grudge". On March 23, 1919, Mussolini reformed the Milan fascio as the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento (Italian Combat Squad), consisting of 200 men=members. An important factor in fascism gaining support in its earliest stages was the fact that it opposed discrimination based on social class and was strongly opposed to all forms of class war.
The Fascists grew so rapidly that within two years, it transformed itself into the National fascist Party at a congress in Rome. Also in 1921, Mussolini was elected to the chamber of Deputies for the first time. They had a great march with "black shirts" on Rome in 1922 by which Mussolini's National Fascist Party came to power in Italy and ousted Prime Minister Luigi Facta. The "march" took place in 1922 between October 27 and October 29. On October 28, king Victor Emmanuel III handed over power to Mussolini. Mussolini was supported by the military, the business class, and the liberal right-wing. He became the prime-minister in 1928-29 using the title II Duce meaning Leader and imposed one party government.
After the March on Rome that brought Benito Mussolini to power and slowly and gradually, Mussolini dedicator each and every field that made his atrocity increased which was criticized by his own supporter and colleagues too. Confrontation among tha ministerial led him to his way to disaster. is relation to Hitler was taken a great threat to Italy because Hitler wanted to arrest the king. But before to get plan succeed Mussolini was dismissed and arrested.
Meanwhile, only two months after Mussolini had been dismissed and arrested, he was rescued from prison. By this time, Mussolini was in very poor health and wanted to retire. But with a great pressure from Hitler, he agreed to set up a new regime- the Italian Social Republic. But he became little more than a puppet ruler under the protection of his German liberators. So, he made a series of executions of some of the fascist leaders who had betrayed him at the last meeting of the Fascist Grand Council. One of those executed included his son-in-low, Galeazzo Ciano It made him a great criminal and he was asked with red warrant.
In order to be safe from upcoming disaster, Mussolini had been traveling with retreating German forces and was apprehended while attempting to escape recognition by wearing a German military uniform. But tactfully he was arrested and brought to Mezzegra with his mistress. the next day, Mussolini and his mistress were both summarily executed, along with most of the members of their 15-man train, primarily ministers ad officials of Italian Social Republic. It made a great end of the dictatorship from the world. The execution of Mussolini has proved the universal victory of truth and justice against any kinds of suppression, atrocity and injustice over human beings.
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