He wished his all properties to be deposited in a bank and from its annual interest he wished to award to those personalities who during the previous year rendered the greatest services to mankind from the field of chemistry, physics, medicine, literature and peace.
He was non other than Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist who born in Stockholm, Sweden on October 21, 1883. His father Immanuel Nobel was also an engineer and sculptor. But because of his involvement in the open use of Nitroglycerin, his neighbors abused him. And then, they left Stockholm and moved to St.Petersburg, Russia in 1842, where they were supported by Russian Jar Rulers. When they moved, the schooling and the primary education of Alfred was badly affected. But he was assisted by his mother.
Alfred was a sharp minded fellow. Influenced b his father's inventions or works he was motivated towards the scientific exploration and inventions since his teen. So, he learnt German, French, English and other European languages. He visited almost all of the European and American countries. He was great lover of literature and philosophy. If he had a time he would full concentrate on the study of literature or any field of philosophy. It helped him to go through the core of any idea.
When they were in Russia, their business was flourishing. Alfred's father supplied the sea mines and guns to the Russian fleets. But along with the end of Crimean war, Immanuel loosened the hope of further business. Unfortunately when his mine factory was ruined by the great fire, they could not get any support to be there. They returned to Sweden and planned to invent any new.
Alfred collected all the materials and took up the experiments and research works after his father's passive presence. Soon he developed a few new explosives. On the course of it, he discovered Gasometer in 1857. It brought a whim in Europe. Excited by the experiment, he again discovered 'Dynamite' in 1868. After this inventions, Alfred became well-known overnight. He was demanded by the world power companies. In some places he assisted as well. But in British Dynamite Company he worked regularly for some years and became economically depended. He purchased a new Bangalore in Paris and used to live there. But his exploration didn't stop there. He got support from everywhere. As a result in 1888, he successfully tested and explored ballistic, one of the first smokeless, explosive power, which is still widely used in missile test.
But because of the high suspension from the French government he moved to Italy. He never married but traveled here and there, and used to live most of the powerful countries of Europe. When he met Bohemian Noel women Bartha Van Suttner, he was asked about his and forced to love peace instead of arms. At the beginning he had the belief that his explosive weapons could do more and faster than any other to keep and world peace. But when the some explosive weapons were used to blast and end the lives of innocents, he regretted on his inventions.
Unfortunately since his migration to Italy, he had been suffering from common diseases. He couldn't work with fresh mind there. At the same time be got a shocking and heart breaking news of his mother's and brothers death. It stroked his mind. He remained passive there. After four years, he again returned back to Sweden and did some novel inventions.
But when the power station and powerful countries of the world used his inventions in the destructive works instead of human progress, he found himself guilt of it. He realized his mistake and the importance of Bartha's peace process. therefore after all he wished to establish these prizes as a tribute to her and left a bulk of his fortune near about $ 1,750,000 to a trust fund administered by a Swedish and Norwegian trustees. Such a great lover of humanity and an exemplary figure of social service, Alfred Nobel died on December 10, 1896 at San Remo, Italy.
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